2024-11-19 10:01

倒装句

在英语的语言实践中，为了语法、修辞、结构上的多样性，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前，这种语序的变化叫“倒装语序”。倒装是一种修辞手段，目的是为了强调。在考研英语路上，这也是其中的一个考点。我们一起看看吧。

一般情形相对于来说大家比较熟知，但有时候一般疑问句也是属于倒装句的一种，比如：Could you please give me the pen?那么什么情况下会发生部分倒装呢? 只有了解引起倒装的原因，才能更准确地理解句子的含义。

一.倒装句的分类：全部倒装和部分倒装。

英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，这种语序称为陈述句语序或者自然语序(normal word order)，如果把谓语的全部或者一部分置于主语之前，就称其为倒装语序(inverted word oeder),当谓语全部位于主语之前，我们称其为全部倒装(full inversion);当谓语一部分位于主语之前，我们称其为部分倒装(partial inversion)。

二.全部倒装

1. 定义：将谓语动词全部置于主语之前，即动词+主语。

There was a mountain.

On the mountain stood a temple.

In the temple lived an old monk.

2. 形容词短语置于句首

真题例1

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth.

3. 分词短语置于句首

真题例2

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.

4. 介词短语置于句首

真题例3

At the core of the debate was chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.

三.部分倒装

1. 定义：将谓语动词的一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前为部分倒装(实义动词位置不发生改变)。

2. 部分倒装的识别及还原

识别：若助动词或情态动词后出现名词则判断为部分倒装。

还原：将助动词、情态动词还原，助动词有时需要去掉。

I seldom go to work by bus. (原句)

Seldom do I go to work by bus. (倒装) “我很少乘公共汽车上班。”

You can solve this problem only in this way. (原句)

Only in this way can you solve this problem. (倒装)“只有用这种方法，你才可以解决问题。”

3. 否定词置于句首

真题例1

Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.

4. only置于句首

真题例2

Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.

5. so置于句首

真题例3

So involved with their puters do the children bee that leaders at summer puter camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.

测试题(倒装结构)

1. -Why can’t I smoke here?

-At no time in the meeting-room.

A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit

2. Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.